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Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 460-471 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0861-6

摘要: Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments and exercise, are important for obesity management. This study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity to explore whether either low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) or exercise is more effective in metabolism improvement. Forty-five eligible subjects were randomly divided into an LCD group (n=22) and an exercise group (EX, n=23). The subjects either adopted LCD (carbohydrate intake<50 g/day) or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise (≥30 min/day) for 3 weeks. After the interventions, LCD led to a larger weight loss than EX (−3.56±0.37 kg vs. −1.24±0.39 kg, P<0.001), as well as a larger reduction in fat mass (−2.10±0.18 kg vs. −1.25±0.24 kg, P=0.007) and waist circumference (−5.25±0.52 cm vs. −3.45±0.38 cm, P=0.008). Both interventions reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat and improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Triglycerides decreased in both two groups, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the LCD group but decreased in the EX group. Various glycemic parameters, including serum glycated albumin, mean sensor glucose, coefficient of variability (CV), and largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, substantially declined in the LCD group. Only CV slightly decreased after exercise. This pilot study suggested that the effects of LCD and exercise are similar in alleviating liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Compared with exercise, LCD might be more efficient for weight loss and glucose homeostasis in people with obesity.

关键词: low-carbohydrate diet     obesity     nonalcoholic fatty liver disease     continuous glucose monitoring     mean sensor glucose    

decorated with polypyrrole and nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide for high-performance nonenzymatic glucose

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1593-1607 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2348-2

摘要: With increasing emphasis on green chemistry, biomass-based materials have attracted increased attention regarding the development of highly efficient functional materials. Herein, a new pore-rich cellulose nanofibril aerogel is utilized as a substrate to integrate highly conductive polypyrrole and active nanoflower-like nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide through in situ chemical polymerization and electrodeposition. This ternary composite can act as an effective self-supported electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. With the synergistic effect of three heterogeneous components, the electrode achieves outstanding glucose sensing performance, including a high sensitivity (851.4 µA·mmol−1·L·cm−2), a short response time (2.2 s), a wide linear range (two stages: 0.001−8.145 and 8.145−35.500 mmol·L−1), strong immunity to interference, outstanding intraelectrode and interelectrode reproducibility, a favorable toxicity resistance (Cl), and a good long-term stability (maintaining 86.0% of the original value after 30 d). These data are superior to those of some traditional glucose sensors using nonbiomass substrates. When determining the blood glucose level of a human serum, this electrode realizes a high recovery rate of 97.07%–98.89%, validating the potential for high-performance blood glucose sensing.

关键词: cellulose nanofibril     aerogel     nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide     polypyrrole     nonenzymatic glucose sensor    

Electrochemical sensor investigation of carbon-supported PdCoAg multimetal catalysts using sugar-containing

Firat Salman, Hilal C. Kazici, Hilal Kivrak

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 629-638 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1840-1

摘要: Novel PdCoAg/C nanostructures were successfully synthesized by the polyol method in order to develop electrocatalysts, related to the glucose sensor performance of the high glycemic index in beverages. The characterization of this novel PdCoAg/C electrocatalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray. The characterization results revealed that electronic state of the PdCoAg/C electrocatalyst was modified by the addition of the third metal. The electrochemical performances of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The prepared enzyme-free sensor exhibited excellent catalytic activity against glucose with a wide detection range (0.005 to 0.35 mmol∙L ), low limit of detection (0.003 mmol∙L ), high sensitivity (4156.34 µA∙mmol ∙L∙cm ), and long-term stability (10 days) because of the synergistic effect between the ternary metals. The glucose contents of several energy drinks, fruit juices, and carbonated beverages were analyzed using the novel PdCoAg/NGCE/C sensor system. These results indicate the feasibility for applications in the foods industry.

关键词: non-enzymatic     glucose detection     ternary metals     glycemic index     beverages    

Anti-biofouling strategies for implantable biosensors of continuous glucose monitoring systems

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1866-1878 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2340-x

摘要: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems play an increasingly vital role in the glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the immune responses triggered by the implantation of poorly biocompatible sensors have a significant impact on the accuracy and lifetime of CGM systems. In this review, research efforts over the past few years to mitigate the immune responses by enhancing the anti-biofouling ability of sensors are summarized. This review divided these works into active immune engaging strategy and passive immune escape strategy based on their respective mechanisms. In each strategy, the various biocompatible layers on the biosensor surface, such as drug-releasing membranes, hydrogels, hydrophilic membranes, anti-biofouling membranes based on zwitterionic polymers, and bio-mimicking membranes, are described in detail. This review, therefore, provides researchers working on implantable biosensors for CGM systems with vital information, which is likely to aid in the research and development of novel CGM systems with profound anti-biofouling properties.

关键词: implantable glucose biosensor     anti-biofouling     continuous glucose monitoring     immune responses    

Decreasing complexity of glucose time series derived from continuous glucose monitoring is correlatedwith deteriorating glucose regulation

《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 68-74 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0955-9

摘要: Most information used to evaluate diabetic statuses is collected at a special time-point, such as taking fasting plasma glucose test and providing a limited view of individual’s health and disease risk. As a new parameter for continuously evaluating personal clinical statuses, the newly developed technique “continuous glucose monitoring” (CGM) can characterize glucose dynamics. By calculating the complexity of glucose time series index (CGI) with refined composite multi-scale entropy analysis of the CGM data, the study showed for the first time that the complexity of glucose time series in subjects decreased gradually from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose regulation and then to type 2 diabetes (P for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, CGI was significantly associated with various parameters such as insulin sensitivity/secretion (all P < 0.01), and multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the disposition index, which reflects β-cell function after adjusting for insulin sensitivity, was the only independent factor correlated with CGI (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that the CGI derived from the CGM data may serve as a novel marker to evaluate glucose homeostasis.

关键词: complexity of glucose time series     continuous glucose monitoring     impaired glucose regulation     insulin secretion and sensitivity     refined composite multi-scale entropy    

Calculations of narrow-band transimissities and the Planck mean absorption coefficients of real gases

Huaqiang CHU, Mingyan GU, Huaichun ZHOU, Fengshan LIU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 41-48 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0292-4

摘要: Narrow-band transmissivities in the spectral range of 150 to 9300 cm and at a uniform resolution of 25 cm were calculated using the statistical narrow-band (SNB) model with the band parameters of Soufiani and Taine, the more recent parameters of André and Vaillon, and the line-by-line (LBL) method along with the HITEMP-2010 spectroscopic database. Calculations of narrow-band transmissivity were conducted for gas columns of different lengths and containing different isothermal and non-isothermal CO -H O-N mixtures at 1 atm. Narrow-band transmissivities calculated by the SNB model are in large relative error at many bands. The more recent SNB model parameters of André and Vaillon are more accurate than the earlier parameters of Soufiani and Taine. The Planck mean absorption coefficients of CO , H O, CO, and CH in the temperature range of 300 to 2500 K were calculated using the LBL method and different versions of the high resolution transmission (HITRAN) and high-temperature spectroscopic absorption parameters (HITEMP) spectroscopic databases. The SNB model was also used to calculate the Planck mean absorption coefficients of these four radiating gases. The LBL results of the Planck mean absorption coefficient were compared with the classical results of Tien and those from the SNB model.

关键词: transimissity     HITEMP     HITRAN     Planck mean absorption coefficients    

A job-insertion heuristic for minimizing the mean flowtime in dynamic flowshops

Guang GUO, Bo WU, Shuzi YANG

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 197-202 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0211-5

摘要:

A new adaptive job-insertion based heuristic is presented to minimize the mean flowtime in a dynamic flowshop consisting of machines. Job orders arrive to the system randomly, and the job arrival or release dates are not known in advance. The heuristic is derived by inserting new jobs into the scheduled sequence as needed when the machine becomes free. Computation results indicate that the proposed heuristic performs 2.7%–10.8% better than the SPT dispatching rule, which is currently one of the most effective methods for minimizing the mean flowtime in dynamic flowshops.

关键词: scheduling     dynamic flowshops     flowtime     heuristic     mean flowtime    

Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract and Ginkgolide B against oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose injury in a new in vitro multicellular network model

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 307-318 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0547-2

摘要:

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of extract (GBE) against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel rat cortical capillary endothelial cell-astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B (GB), against oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein (Na-F), and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury ; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.

关键词: acute ischemic stroke     Ginkgo bilobaextract     Ginkgolide B     network model     neuroprotection    

Prognostic value of fasting glucose on the risk of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Hui Wang, Yang Zhang, Zhujun Shen, Ligang Fang, Zhenyu Liu, Shuyang Zhang

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 70-78 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0749-x

摘要: Recent studies have shown that acute blood glucose elevation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) suggests a poor prognosis. To investigate the effect of fasting blood glucose (FBG) on the risk of heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in non-diabetic patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute STEMI, we retrospectively recruited consecutive non-diabetic patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI in our hospital from February 2003 to March 2015. The patients were divided into two groups according to the FBG level. A total of 623 patients were recruited with an age of 61.3±12.9 years, of whom 514 (82.5%) were male. The HF risk (odds ratio 3.401, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.144–5.395, <0.001) was significantly increased in patients with elevated FBG than those with normal FBG. Elevated FBG was also independently related to LVSD (β 1.513, 95%CI 1.282–1.785, <0.001) in a multiple logistics regression analysis. In conclusion, elevated FBG was independently associated with 30-day HF and LVSD risk in non-diabetic patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI.

关键词: myocardial infarction     percutaneous coronary intervention     diabetes mellitus     fasting glucose     heart failure    

Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in India

Sivasankari SUNDARAM,Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 311-321 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0369-3

摘要: This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration ( ), maximum possible sunshine hour duration ( ), extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance ( ) and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance ( ). The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.

关键词: global horizontal irradiance (GHI)     mean bias error     root mean square error     mean percentage error     coefficient of regression     Visual Basic 2010 Express    

Some remarks on the engineering application of the fatigue crack growth approach under nonzero mean loads

Jorge Alberto Rodriguez DURAN,Ronney Mancebo BOLOY,Rafael Raider LEONI

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第10卷 第3期   页码 255-262 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0342-1

摘要:

The well-known fatigue crack growth (FCG) curves are two-parameter dependents. The range of the stress intensity factor ?K and the load ratio R are the parameters normally used for describing these curves. For engineering purposes, the mathematical representation of these curves should be integrated between the initial and final crack sizes in order to obtain the safety factors for stresses and life. First of all, it is necessary to reduce the dependence of the FCG curves to only one parameter. ?K is almost always selected and, in these conditions, considered as the crack driving force. Using experimental data from literature, the present paper shows how to perform multiple regression analyses using the traditional Walker approach and the more recent unified approach. The correlations so obtained are graphically analyzed in three dimensions. Numerical examples of crack growth analysis for cracks growing under nominal stresses of constant amplitude in smooth and notched geometries are performed, assuming an identical material component as that of the available experimental data. The resulting curves of crack size versus number of cycles (a vs. N) are then compared. The two models give approximately the same (a vs. N) curves in both geometries. Differences between the behaviors of the (avs. N) curves in smooth and notched geometries are highlighted, and the reasons for these particular behaviors are discussed.

关键词: fatigue crack propagation modeling     life prediction     mean stress effects    

Gender differences in the relationship between plasma lipids and fasting plasma glucose in non-diabetic

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 477-483 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0346-y

摘要:

The association between dyslipidemia and elevated fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes is well known. In non-diabetes, whether this association still exists, and whether dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels are not clear. This cross-sectional study recruited 3460 non-diabetic Chinese subjects (1027 men, and 2433 women, aged 35–75 years old) who participated in a health survey. Men and women were classified into tertiles by levels of plasma lipids respectively. In women, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was decreased with increased HDL-C. A stepwise increase in HDL-C was associated with decreasing FPG levels (lowest tertiles, FPG: 5.376±0.018; middle tertiles, 5.324±0.018; highest tertiles, 5.276±0.018 mmol/L; P=0.001). Reversely, FPG levels increased from lowest tertiles to highest tertiles of LDL-C, TC, and TG. we found that women in the first tertile with lower HDL-C level had a 1.75-fold increase in risk of IFG compared with non-diabetic women in the third tertile with higher HDL-C level (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.20--2.56). In men, no significant association was found. We took age, BMI, waist/hip ratio, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical exercise as adjusted variables. In Chinese non-diabetic women, dyslipidemia is independently associated with high levels of FPG; TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C are predictors of IFG independent of BMI and waist/hip ratio.

关键词: dyslipidemia     plasma lipids     plasma fasting glucose     impaired fasting glucose     non-diabetes    

Observer design for induction motor: an approach based on the mean value theorem

Mohamed Yacine HAMMOUDI,Abdelkarim ALLAG,Mohamed BECHERIF,Mohamed BENBOUZID,Hamza ALLOUI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 426-433 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0314-x

摘要: In this paper, observer design for an induction motor has been investigated. The peculiarity of this paper is the synthesis of a mono-Luenberger observer for highly coupled system. To transform the nonlinear error dynamics for the induction motor into the linear parametric varying (LPV) system, the differential mean value theorem combined with the sector nonlinearity transformation has been used. Stability conditions based on the Lyapunov function lead to solvability of a set of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed observer guarantees the global exponential convergence to zero of the estimation error. Finally, the simulation results are given to show the performance of the observer design.

关键词: observer design     differential mean value theorem (DMVT)     sector nonlinearity transformation     linear matrix inequalities (LMI)     induction motor    

Biomedical sensor technologies on the platform of mobile phones

Lin LIU, Jing LIU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 160-175 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0216-0

摘要:

Biomedical sensors have been widely used in various areas of biomedical practices, which play an important role in disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, health management, and so on. However, most of them and their related platforms are generally not easily accessible or just too expensive or complicated to be kept at home. As an alternative, new technologies enabled from the mobile phones are gradually changing such situations. As can be freely available to almost everyone, mobile phone offers a unique way to improve the conventional medical care through combining with various biomedical sensors. Moreover, the established systems will be both convenient and low cost. In this paper, we present an overview on the state-of-art biomedical sensors, giving a brief introduction of the fundamental principles and showing several new examples or concepts in the area. The focus was particularly put on interpreting the technical strategies to innovate the biomedical sensor technologies based on the platform of mobile phones. Some challenging issues, including feasibility, usability, security, and effectiveness, were discussed. With the help of electrical and mechanical technologies, it is expected that a full combination between the biomedical sensors and mobile phones will bring a bright future for the coming pervasive medical care.

关键词: biomedical sensor     pervasive technology     mobile phone     combined system     health management    

of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose

TANG Zhongzhi, LI Junyao, YANG Jianhong

《医学前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 178-181 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0033-y

摘要: To study the relationship of the polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and blood pressure, lipid profiles and blood glucose level. By using PCR-RFLP, the eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism was detected in 184 patients with essential hypertension and 196 matched healthy individuals with normal blood pressure. Taking into account eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphisms, the relationship of blood pressure with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and blood glucose level was analyzed. The distribution of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism had no significant difference between different blood pressure groups and gender groups, but there was a significant difference between different age groups, diastolic blood pressure groups or BMI groups ( < 0.05). Asp/Asp genotype significantly increased the risk of hypertension in individuals with serum TC above 5.4 mmol/L ( = 0.03, = 2.65). eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism and serum lipid could synergistically modulate the blood pressure. eNOS Asp/Asp genotype could significantly increase the risk of hypertension in individuals with serum TC over 5.4 mmol/L. eNOS Glu298Asp in combination with serum TC could be used to predict the risk of hypertension.

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized

期刊论文

decorated with polypyrrole and nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide for high-performance nonenzymatic glucose

期刊论文

Electrochemical sensor investigation of carbon-supported PdCoAg multimetal catalysts using sugar-containing

Firat Salman, Hilal C. Kazici, Hilal Kivrak

期刊论文

Anti-biofouling strategies for implantable biosensors of continuous glucose monitoring systems

期刊论文

Decreasing complexity of glucose time series derived from continuous glucose monitoring is correlatedwith deteriorating glucose regulation

期刊论文

Calculations of narrow-band transimissities and the Planck mean absorption coefficients of real gases

Huaqiang CHU, Mingyan GU, Huaichun ZHOU, Fengshan LIU

期刊论文

A job-insertion heuristic for minimizing the mean flowtime in dynamic flowshops

Guang GUO, Bo WU, Shuzi YANG

期刊论文

Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract and Ginkgolide B against oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose injury in a new in vitro multicellular network model

null

期刊论文

Prognostic value of fasting glucose on the risk of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Hui Wang, Yang Zhang, Zhujun Shen, Ligang Fang, Zhenyu Liu, Shuyang Zhang

期刊论文

Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in India

Sivasankari SUNDARAM,Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU

期刊论文

Some remarks on the engineering application of the fatigue crack growth approach under nonzero mean loads

Jorge Alberto Rodriguez DURAN,Ronney Mancebo BOLOY,Rafael Raider LEONI

期刊论文

Gender differences in the relationship between plasma lipids and fasting plasma glucose in non-diabetic

null

期刊论文

Observer design for induction motor: an approach based on the mean value theorem

Mohamed Yacine HAMMOUDI,Abdelkarim ALLAG,Mohamed BECHERIF,Mohamed BENBOUZID,Hamza ALLOUI

期刊论文

Biomedical sensor technologies on the platform of mobile phones

Lin LIU, Jing LIU

期刊论文

of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose

TANG Zhongzhi, LI Junyao, YANG Jianhong

期刊论文